What Size Drill Bit

5/16-18 tap drill size

Letter F

Inches
0.2570
Millimetres
6.53
Thread
77%

Drill a Letter F hole before cutting a 5/16-18 thread. That is the standard tap drill for about 75% thread.

0.2570" 0.312" thread

No Letter F bit? A 17/64" bit (0.2656 in) gives about 65% thread, which holds fine in most materials.

5/16-18 thread and hole sizes

Thread5/16 diameter, 18 threads per inch, coarse (UNC)
Major diameter0.3125 in 7.94 mm
Pitch0.0556 in 1.411 mm
Tap drill, about 75% threadLetter F 0.2570 in
Tap drill, about 50% threadLetter J 0.2770 in, for stainless and other hard materials
Clearance hole, close fitLetter P 0.3230 in
Clearance hole, free fitLetter Q 0.3320 in
Nearest metric bit6.5 mm

Why Letter F

A tap cuts threads into the wall of a hole, so the hole has to be smaller than the screw. For a 5/16-18 thread the hole that leaves exactly 75% thread is 0.2584 in. The closest standard bit is Letter F at 0.2570 in, which leaves 77%.

More thread than that adds almost no strength and makes the tap much easier to break. In hard or tough material, go one step larger.

Tools for this job

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